ess is costly, even in the case of large estates, and involves an
expense almost, and, indeed, speaking generally, absolutely prohibitory
in the case of small properties. Some mode, then, must be devised for
reducing this expense within manageable limits, or any scheme for
dealing with Irish land, however well devised from a financial point of
view, will sink under the burden imposed by the expense attending the
transfer of the land to the new proprietors. Having thus stated the two
principal difficulties attending the Land question in Ireland, it may be
well before entering on the details of the Sale and Purchase of Land
(Ireland) Bill, to mention the efforts which have been made during the
last fifteen years to surmount those difficulties. The Acts having this
object in view are the Land Acts of 1870, 1872, and 1881, brought in by
Mr. Gladstone, and the Land Purchase Act of 1885, brought in by the
Conservative Lord Chancellor of Ireland (Lord Ashbourne). The Act of
1870, as amended by the Act of 1872, provided that the State authority
might advance two-thirds of the purchase-money. An attempt was made to
get over the difficulties of title by providing that the Landed Estates
Court or Board of Works shall undertake the investigation of the title
and the transfer and distribution of the purchase-money at a fixed
price. The Act of 1881 increased the advance to three-quarters, leaving
the same machinery to deal with the title. Both under the Acts of 1870
and 1881 the advance was secured by an annuity of 5 per cent., payable
for the period of thirty-five years, and based on the loan of the money
by the English Exchequer at 3-1/2 per cent. interest. These Acts
produced very little effect. The expense of dealing with the titles in
the Landed Estates Court proved overwhelming, and neither the Board of
Works, under the Act of 1872, nor the Land Commission, under the Act of
1881, found themselves equal to the task of completing inexpensively the
transfer of the land; further, the tenants had n
Notka biograficzna
Mary Johnston (November 21, 1870 May 9, 1936) was an American novelist and womens rights advocate. The daughter of an American Civil War soldier who became a successful lawyer, Mary Johnston was born in the small town of Buchanan, Virginia. A small and frail girl, she was educated at home by family and tutors. She grew up with a love of books and was financially independent enough to devote herself to writing.
Various, or Various Production, is an English dubstep/electronic music duo formed in 2003. The group blends samples, acoustic and electronic instrumentation, and singing from a revolving cast of vocalists. Its members, Adam and Ian, purposefully give very little information about the group or themselves, and tend to do little in the way of self-promotion.[1] Nevertheless, the group began winning critical acclaim with its single releases in 2005 and 2006.[2] Their full-length for XL, The World is Gone, arrived in July of 2006.[3][4][5][6][7] They have released a large number of vinyl EPs and 7 records, as well as digital exclusives for Rough Trade, iTunes, and Boomkat.[8]